Behavioral states in space and time: understanding landscape use by an invasive mammal

Animal movement models can be used to understand species behavior and assist with implementation of management activities. We explored behavioral states an invasive wild pig (Sus scrofa) population that recently colonized central Michigan, USA, 2014–2018. To quantify environmental factors related ecology spatio-temporal landscape use, we predicted relative land cover type, structure (i.e., edge patch cohesion), weather conditions. global positioning system (GPS)-collars monitored 8 pigs from fit local convex hulls calculated metrics revealing 3 (resting, exploratory, relocating) constructed a 3-level model predict state probabilities biotic abiotic Probabilities exploratory resting behaviors were higher nearer riparian open herbaceous types (oftentimes emergent marsh), indicating these provided security during activity bedding. Hard mast had strong positive association relocating behaviors. More cohesive patches agriculture shrub associated behaviors, while was more likely in continuous (mostly mid-summer corn). The probability increased exponentially warming ambient temperature. Our results may by managers develop control strategies conducive conditions where the likelihood encountering is highest or targeting when most vulnerable particular removal technique.